Pests that live in the human body cause unpleasant vague reasons.They can be skin rashes, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, weakness, anemia, joint pain.In order to clarify the diagnosis, special tests must be performed.
Parasites that can live in the human body
Sorting pests in their appearance:
- Lamblia,
- Opistorchi,
- Echinococci,
- Toxockers,
- Trichinella,
- Askarids.
For representatives of certain professions (for supply business staff, children's institutions), worms are required for worms in the design of healthy books.Children pass the same resolution when entering kindergartens and in a nursery or a sports section.
- A classic study on worms living on the gastrointestinal tract is an analysis of the feces and the scraping of the mucosa by the rectum.
- But there are several options for more effective blood tests for pests, as provided for in the method.
Classic survey for worms
A classic study on worms living on the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract), for example, pingors, ascensions, is an analysis of the feces and the scraping of the mucosa by the rectum.But a one -time analysis of feces may not have positive results, so it is advisable to do three times.
- For the analysis of feces and scraping, the histological method of compression is used (projection of material cuts under the microscope).The efficiency of the research is about 20%, because the probability is low so that the pests or the pests of the pests fall into the analyzed material.
- The controversial studies on helminths, simple pests and fungi in the body are electro -effect methods.Their essence is to achieve results using measurements of bioelectric reactions of active points with electrodes.Special devices are used for this purpose.Many doctors understand the research data that is skeptical.
- The most informative examination of pests is a blood test.
Types of blood tests for pests
There are several options for blood tests for pests: as provided for in the method.Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.Depending on the methodology used, there are the following types of blood tests:
- Elisa or blood immunophanes.
- PCR or chain reaction polymerase.
- Bloodthrough?
- Serological blood test.
Elisa, analysis for antibodies and immunoglobulin
This analysis is based on the body's immune response, the level of its protective reaction to the pest invasion.When the antibodies are formed in the form of the human body in response to the entry of a pathogen or simply a foreign protein in its blood, they are called immunoglobulins.
- Using the results of Elisa, you can determine the presence of helmets in their body and type.The accuracy of the study is much higher than the analysis of the feces.
- The method is based on the calculation of antibodies in the body in one pest or the other type of pests, the determination of their relationship with foreign antigens (immune response) and the enzymatic reaction of the body.
- Antibodies - Antigens indicate the presence of infection.
- A blood test by Elisa has accuracy, according to different experts, from 60% to 90% even at the low level of invasion.
- The advantage of the method, in addition to a high level of accuracy, is that an immune -function analysis can be monitored by the dynamics of the disease over time.
IFA blood is being examined for pests
An antibody analysis resembles a set of characters that indicate these antibodies or are called immunoglobulins.
- Overall, 5 of them have been studied - IgG, IGA, IgM, IgD IGD.
- In practical medicine, the first four immunoglobulin are important.
IgM is the main indicator for the acute phase of the disease
IgM - the immunoglobulin, which appears in the acute phase of the disease, indicates the principle of infection.
- Appears in blood on the fifth day,
- Detected by resolution after 6 weeks.
- Then he begins to disappear quickly.
Ige - Index, Pest Infection Index
IgE - immunoglobulin indicates the presence of pests or allergies in the human body.
- is an indicator of allergies -related procedures,
- It circulates little in the blood, is based in mucous membranes, macrophages and basidophils,
- Participates in immune answers in parasites infection.
IgG - Index of disease and immunity
IgG - immunoglobulin occurs in the process of the disease.
- IgG was also maintained after a treatment, for some infections for life, for example, measles, red and more.
- Detection of immunoglobulins in the blood says that the body had already encountered this infection before, with this particular pathogen.
The result of the analysis of ParsS nationals
For different combinations of advantages and minus in the blood test for pests, the following conclusions can be drawn:
- Lack of infection - all antibodies with minus.
- Acute scene -gg (+/-), iga (+\-), Igm (+);
- Chronic form -gg (+/-), iga (-), Igm (-);
- The presence of immunity-igg (+), Iga (-), Igm (-);
- Examination of a Chronic Disease - IgG (+), IGA (+), IGM (+)
- If the disease is detected and undergoing treatment, then the values minus of all antibodies will only be achieved six months after treatment course, sometimes after 1-2 years.
The reliability of Elisa's analysis
The Elisa method gives the 90% credibility level for the diagnosis of infection with the infection, pinworms, toxocars and others that cause IgG immunoglobulin formation in large quantities.
- You can determine the lamp with a separate and general (OPD) value of the level of antibodies in the blood.
- The value of OPD is greater than 1 indicates that there is an infection or it was,
- There is no Lamblia with a value of less than 0.85.
- If the price is in space, then it is recommended to repeat the resolution after 2 weeks.
This method is characterized by a series of weaknesses.The analysis allows you to determine the level of antibodies developed in the body to eliminate helminths and not the worms themselves.
- Therefore, false positive and false negative results can be obtained.
- This is also the case when patients take medication,
- Metabolic disorders and presence of current chronic diseases.
General blood test, changes in pest infection
You can indirectly suspect the presence of invasion by doing a general blood test.Since the presence of worms affects the internal organs, the products of their vital activity enter the bloodstream, changing its composition.Partial list of the effects of the effect of invasion on blood parameters:
- Increased hemoglobin.
- Non -ESR -nun indicators.
- Excessively eosinophils by 20%.
- Zhelezia anemia.
If there are no other reasons for such deviations, it is recommended to include a special blood test for parasites, ELISA, PCR in the diagnostic program.
Chain Polymerase Reaction, PCR resolution
The PCR method or polymer chain reaction is considered fundamental to molecular diagnosis and is one of the most modern and accurate to diagnose pests in the body.
- It consists of the detection of DNA and RNA traces, which belong to parasitic forms of life.
- The essence of the polymerase reaction is blood treatment in such a way as to copy and spread DNA, RNA of foreign organisms at a concentration that allows them to determine.
Serological blood test
At the same time, the analysis is used as a source of blood serum information.
- Immunogeneous pest antibodies are examined.
- The analysis allows you to identify a large number of parasitic forms, but it does not allow you to determine the stage of the invasion.
- Like the IFA method, serological analysis is indirect for diagnosis.
- If the OPD values are high, it is advisable to pass the stool analysis.
Diagnosis with a method of scanning blood
During the hematology in parasites, a drop of a patient's "living" of a patient is studied by visual devices in which, in addition to worms, you can determine their larvae and fungus.
How to do a blood test for pests
Blood donation for pests is carried out in a specialized laboratory.The blood for the analysis is obtained from the elbow vein in a quantity of 3-5 ml and is placed in a dry sterile test tube.Before the analysis is passed, it is recommended:
- Don't eat for 8 hours.
- Dinner, abandon fatty dishes and milk.
- Do not take alcohol and carbonated drinks.
- Avoid excessive physical activity, physiotherapy, x -ray radiation?
- refuse to take medicines.
- The abundant drink is welcome.
- The conditions for blood donation to PCR are less strict because the degree of satiety does not affect the presence of pest DNA.
Analysis dates
- IFA results and serological tests are issued within a week.
- For PCR blood tests and hemocarns, there are several hours.
- With the result of the analysis, you should definitely consult a doctor.